(Bloomberg) — Former US President Donald Trump said his policies would inspire growth despite adding to the debt as he sought to assuage business leaders who worry his economic plans will fuel inflation.

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“We’re all about growth,” Trump told Bloomberg News Editor-in-Chief John Micklethwait on Tuesday in an interview at the Economic Club of Chicago. “We’re going to bring companies back to our country.”

Trump defended his proposals to dramatically increase tariffs on foreign goods, saying the proposals were for the “protection of the companies that we have here and the new companies that will move in.”

The Republican presidential nominee disputed the notion his tariffs would impact Americans whose jobs depend on trade, saying the losses would be offset by new domestic manufacturing jobs.

“It’s going to have a massive effect, positive effect,” Trump said of his proposed tariffs in response to Micklethwait’s saying the duties would have a negative effect on the economy. “The higher the tariff, the more likely it is that the company will come into the United States, and build a factory in the United States so it doesn’t have to pay the tariff.”

The Republican presidential nominee’s comments come exactly three weeks before Election Day in what polls forecast to be a razor-thin contest with Democratic Vice President Kamala Harris. Surveys show the US economy is the paramount issue for voters.

Trump in his third run for the White House has been bolstered by broad discontent among business executives and voters at large over President Joe Biden’s record. Anxiety over high prices and jobs have left the American public preferring the Republican candidate’s approach to that of Harris, polls suggest.

The former president has vowed to carry out an aggressive campaign of deregulation, renew expiring tax cuts, lower the corporate tax rate to 15% from 21%, and offer fresh tax reductions and benefits to bolster domestic manufacturing — policies cheered by prominent Wall Street and corporate leaders.

Trump’s tax proposals, as well as dueling tax cuts and benefits pitched by Harris, though, come with stark price tags — in the trillions — and threaten to worsen a US federal deficit that’s already historically large. Some investors are betting Trump’s policies will leave the US saddled with more debt and higher inflation and interest rates. America’s annual deficit is already close to $2 trillion.

Defending Tariffs

Trump’s economic plan is heavy on tariffs, which he aims to impose on both US allies and adversaries, including a 60% levy on imports from China and 10% duties on the rest of the world. Trump has also insisted new tariffs will help fund his tax cuts, but economists say they are unlikely to create the revenue he needs. The Peterson Institute for International Economics estimates the tariffs could raise over $200 billion a year. The US took in an estimated $4.9 trillion in revenue in fiscal 2024.

The former president’s tariff agenda threatens to also reduce or redirect trade flows, further impacting revenue. Many economists have warned tariffs would hit US households with what is effectively a tax increase, likely sending inflation higher and raising pressure on the US Federal Reserve over interest rates.

Trump also reiterated his pledge to block the sale of US Steel Corp. to Nippon Steel Corp., if the $14.1 billion transaction was concluded by the time he entered office.

“I think it sets a horrible tone,” he said of the possible sale, saying that steel was a critical national security interest.

“There are certain companies you have to have,” Trump said.

Both Biden and Harris have said they oppose the sale of US Steel to Nippon Steel, an election flashpoint, particularly in swing-state Pennsylvania, where both the American company and the United Steelworkers union — which also opposes the deal — are based.

Federal Reserve

Trump sidestepped a question about whether he would seek to remove Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell, but said he thinks it is fair game for a president to tell the head of the central bank how he thinks interest rates should change.

“I think that if you’re a very good president with good sense, you should be able to at least talk to him,” Trump said, adding that he did not believe a president should be able to mandate change.

Trump also mocked the job of running the Fed.

“I think it’s the greatest job in government,” Trump said. “You show up to the office once a month and you say, ‘let’s say flip a coin’ and everybody talks about you like you’re a God.”

The Republican nominee has repeatedly criticized the US central bank and its chair, saying they initially “missed” inflation and that their half-point cut in September was a political move aimed at bolstering Harris ahead of the election.

The former president has said he would not reappoint Powell, whose term as chair ends in 2026. Giving presidents more sway over monetary policy would challenge longstanding policy that allows the Fed to set interest rates independent of political considerations.

Google Breakup

Trump wouldn’t say if he believed the Justice Department should seek the forced breakup of Google, saying that while he believed something should be done to make the search engine “more fair” lit may not require Alphabet Inc. to spin off its parts.

“What you can do without breaking it up is make sure that it’s more fair. They do treat me very badly,” Trump said.

The DOJ is weighing whether to break up Google as a remedy after a landmark court ruling found that the company monopolized the online search market.

Trump has increasingly clashed with Google, highlighting a more strident approach to Big Tech companies from conservatives.

In August, Trump called for his supporters to stop using the Google search engine, referring to claims from billionaire backer Elon Musk and others that it was interfering with efforts to find information about the former president.

Migrant Workers

Immigration, however, is an issue in which Trump’s approach could provide new challenges for business, exacerbating a shortage of labor and causing disruptions to the economy. Some business leaders have voiced concern that Trump’s planned clampdown on migrants would shrink the pool of available labor, making it more difficult to hire workers.

“I want a lot of people to come into our country but I want them to come in legally,” Trump said.

The former president is vowing to finish building the wall on the southwestern border, reinstate a ban on people from predominantly Muslim countries and carry out mass deportations of undocumented migrants if he is returned to the White House.

He has drawn criticism over his language and for spreading unfounded claims, including that Haitian immigrants in Springfield, Ohio were eating dogs and cats and that Aurora, Colorado, has been overrun by Venezuelan gangs that are terrorizing local residents. Officials in those towns have sought to debunk Trump’s assertions.

Trump-Putin Relationship

Trump declined to say if he had spoken to Russian President Vladimir Putin since leaving office in 2021, responding to a question about claims laid out in a new book by journalist Bob Woodward.

“Well, I don’t comment on that, but I will tell you that if I did, it’s a smart thing,” Trump said. “If I’m friendly with people, if I have a relationship with people, that’s a good thing, not a bad thing. “

Woodward’s book cites an unnamed aide to the former president indicating that he spoke to Putin as many as seven times since leaving office. The Trump campaign has called Woodward’s claim “made-up stories.”

Trump defended their relationship, saying their positive ties were a boon to the US and that he had cultivated connections with the Russian leader even though he had sanctioned the Nord Stream 2 pipeline between Russia and Europe.

Tight Race

Trump and Harris have been ramping up their economic messaging, in particular in the battleground states likely to determine November’s election.

Trump, asked what states he would be watching on election night, suggested Pennsylvania or Michigan — two of the three states that comprise the Democratic Blue Wall crucial to Harris’ proposects — could ultimately prove decisive.

“Based on the votes that are coming in so far, we’re doing very well,” Trump said, pointing to early voting data.

Harris’ entry into the race saw her erase much of the lead Trump held when Biden was atop the Democratic ticket, thanks to a surge in party enthusiasm. But despite a fundraising advantage for Harris that has allowed her to flood the airwaves with advertising and her strong debate performance against Trump, polls show the race tightening again in the final stretch.

The 2024 race has seen Trump solidify his hold on the Republican party, easily vanquishing his primary opponents despite a slew of legal obstacles that include him being the first former US president convicted of a felony.

With his base assured, Trump has sought to bolster his electoral appeal, reaching out to core Democratic constituencies such as Black voters and Hispanics — as well as working-class voters and suburban women — uneasy about economic mobility.

(Updates with additional Trump remarks, context throughout)

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